This is very intriguing. I'm often put off by the tediousness (e.g., Rendezvous with Rama) or the prose style of much sci-fi (Heinlein, LeGuin, Gibson), but I've heard others also say good things about Wolfe. I'm going to check out Book of the New Sun. My sci-fi recommendation would be Klara and the Sun by Ishiguro, though it's very soft sci-fi. @Valuebo -- it's not sci-fi, but based on what you mentioned, you may enjoy Heart of Darkness by Conrad. [EDIT: Another recommendation: Roadside Picnic by the Strugatsky brothers, which was adapted into the movie Stalker by Tarkovsky.]
I'm currently (slowly) reading through Moby-Dick for the first time and reading Pynchon's latest book, Shadow Ticket. I've never really got Pynchon and this one is no different for me, so I can't recommend it. Some recent reads that I enjoyed:
Disgrace by Coetzee
Revolutionary Road by Yates
Bright Lights, Big City by McInerney (the best of the limited amount of Brat Pack that I've read)
Pnin by Nabokov
Gilead by Robinson
Parts of Invisible Man by Ellison, though it's so dense that I'm sure much of it went over my head.