treasurehunt
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Posts posted by treasurehunt
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I know when I get my 2% cash back on my charge card that I am free-riding off of the people who don't pay their balance every month, but I'm not sure I understand the charge card business. They provide the bonus points and service all for a $300-$500/year annual fee and never collect interest? How does AmEx make money on the charge cards? Float?
Actually AMEX depends less on interest income from folks not paying their balances on time than other card issuers such as the big banks. Here's some data from their latest 10-Q. Note that discount revenue -- the fees charged to merchants for the privilege of accepting the AMEX card -- is the biggest contributor to revenue. So as long as you charge a lot of stuff on your card, AMEX should be perfectly happy with you.
Revenues
Discount revenue 4,945
Net card fees 687
Travel commissions and fees 500
Other commissions and fees 624
Other 585
Total non-interest revenues 7,341
Interest income 1,759
Total Revenues 9,100
Expenses
Marketing, promotion, rewards and Card Member services 2,950
Salaries and employee benefits 1,658
Interest Expense 443
Provisions for Losses 489
Other, Net 1,248
Total Expenses 6,788
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Interesting article. Thanks.
Buffett is quoted as saying this: "If you go back to the mid-1930s, Packard was an aspirational auto brand. It was above Cadillac. Around 1936 they came out with a considerably lower-priced model. It did wonders for them immediately, but they destroyed the brand over time. If you’re a high-end brand, you can always pick up a lot of sales by dropping down. I’m not saying that’s what Valspar does; they probably have a bunch of different brands that are doing that. But it would be a big mistake for Benjamin Moore to try and take the Benjamin Moore name downscale and have a cheaper paint.”
Hmm, I wonder if there is some company that is often discussed on this forum to which this quote applies... :-)
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I spent a good amount of time this weekend reading Buffett's old letters to shareholders and it struck me that it would be interesting to compare Berkshire's performance after its first 28 years to that of Fairfax (which just completed its 28th year).
Annual Increase in Book Value Per Share
Berkshire: 23.6%, Fairfax: 21.3%
Shareholders' Equity
Berkshire: $8,926 million, Fairfax: $7,187 million
Total Assets
Berkshire: $17,132 million, Fairfax: $35,959 million
Debt
Berkshire: $1,155 million, Fairfax: $2,969 million
Total Dividends Declared Per Share
Berkshire: 0, Fairfax: $70 (roughly)
Annual Increase In Shares Outstanding
Berkshire: 0.05%, Fairfax: 5.3%
Number Of Years With Declining Book Value Per Share
Berkshire: 1, Fairfax: 6
Berkshire's insurance operations did not look too good at the end of 1992; they had had underwriting losses for the previous ten years or so. Fairfax's insurance operations look just fine in comparison, I think.
Overall, Fairfax's performance doesn't quite measure up to Berkshire's but it is not very far off. One big difference is that Berkshire had an annual increase in book value per share of 27.1% between 1978 and 1992 -- the last 14 years of the 28 year period. Fairfax, on the other hand, increased book value per share by only 5.7% per year in the last 14 years. Perhaps size has become an anchor for Fairfax much faster than it did for Berkshire?
And one final thing -- Prem writes pretty good letters, but Buffett's old ones are brilliant!
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That is a very impressive checklist, indeed! Thank you for this contribution, Pedro.
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I find it interesting that he's cash in the estate - 90% will go buy SPY and 10% short term bonds - so he has no faith in buying BRK? Is Warren suggesting SPY will do better than BRK over the long term? Gary
Buffett wouldn't be the one doing the buying; his wife would be, after his death. Presumably Buffett thinks she shouldn't invest in Berkshire unless she is willing and able to make a rough estimate of Berkshire's future earnings. After all, this is what he recommends for valuing any asset in the article. Buffett suggests that investors buy an S&P index fund if they cannot value assets; he's just putting this advice into practice for this wife, I think.
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Not sure why FFH is being compared to Canadian GDP.
Just take for example the total size of their US operations (Odyssey Re, Crum, etc...) and their Asian operations, investments elsewhere, etc...
Maybe compare them to global GDP, but Canadian? They practically have nothing to do with Canada -- Northbridge is not that big a piece of their pie.
FRFHF is compared to canadian GDP as it is domiciled in Canada. At 0.4% of the GDP, it is already the big gorilla of Canada. If it reaches 2-3% of the GDP, it will have enough power to control the government and if it reaches higher, it will be more powerful than the government. It has to be broken up or become a regulated monopoly then.
In the U.S, this happened with standard oil initially and Microsoft in the late nineties. There are examples from Asia where this is happening now...
Very questionable. According to the Globe and Mail, Fairfax is only 50th among Canadian companies by market cap: http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/top-1000/article12832687/. Most of the biggest companies are banks and energy companies, but I don't think they qualify as regulated monopolies.
Also, Nortel had a market cap of almost $400 billion (Canadian dollars) back in the late nineties. They did not get broken up. Well, not by the government anyway. Blackberry had a market cap of around $80 billion at its peak. I don't remember any calls to break them up either.
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My biggest mistake was buying convertibles in an oil prospecto yielding 11% at below par right after issuance. I thought I got a cheap option on the low oil price with a very nice coupon attached to it. This was in early '09. Actually going through the financial statements properly and reviewing management's track record didn't occur to me until later. I sold out in September the same year after getting more and more spooked by management behavior. Things I obviously should have noticed much, much earlier. Result? +64%.
The company has since raised capital multiple times, changed CEO a couple of times, done a couple of reverse splits and the convertibles were forcibly converted into common stock, diluting the common by 90%. Needless to say the stock is down 99% since '09. Lucky break, heh.
Great post, alwaysinvert. A couple of my biggest mistakes made me money as well, through sheer luck (for instance, one company went bankrupt within two years of my selling out at a profit). There are many good stories in this thread but there also a few that basically boil down to "I bought stock XYZ and later it went down a lot." I don't think that this says much about whether the initial decision was a bad mistake or not. So I find your post especially valuable. Thanks.
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Hmm, which of my many whoppers should I pick? Choices, choices... :-)
I think I will go with my repeated purchases of Level 3 stock, an affliction that started in 2001, continued intermittently for several years and only ended early last year when I sold the last of the shares I owned. There were quite a few lessons here, such as (i) pay a lot of attention to debt levels; (ii) do not pay too much attention to smart and articulate CEOs; (iii) confirmation from smart investors such as Mason Hawkins and Prem Watsa is no guarantee of investment success; (iv) a compelling story does not necessarily make for a good investment; and (v) huge overcapacity in an industry can throttle even good companies in that industry. But the most fundamental lesson for me was that I should focus on companies with a track record of making money in industries that are not undergoing rapid change.
On the plus side, I feel much cleaner now that I no longer own LVLT. And the stock hasn't tripled since I sold. Not yet, anyway...
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In my example 1/5 of shares outstanding were repurchased (20%) x 50% discount from per-share value
.2 x .5 = .1
The "Buffett formula" says 10% and your math says 12.5%, no?
It might be best not to impute arbitrary formulas to Buffett. :-)
Using globalfinancepartners' math on Buffett's example shows an IV increase of about .51%, I believe. Buffett probably just approximated this to 1/2 percent.
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A UMass econometrician named Arinjadrit Dube looked at the timing of changes in debt/income and rate of changes in GDP growth: http://www.nextnewdeal.net/rortybomb/guest-post-reinhartrogoff-and-growth-time-debt
Thanks, Rabbit.
To summarize, Dube's paper shows that high debt-to-GDP is much better correlated with past low GDP growth than future low GDP growth, indicating that low growth likely causes high debt rather than the other way around, right? The Reinhart-Rogoff result is looking shakier and shakier...
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I thought somebody would have posted about this here already, but I don't see anything, so here goes.
Most of you must know about the paper titled "Growth in a Time of Debt" by Carmen Reinhart and Ken Rogoff, published in Jan 2010. A main conclusion of this work is that when government debt goes over 90% of GDP, growth slows down significantly (on average growth goes negative at this point, according to the paper). This Reinhart-Rogoff paper has been a main pillar of austerity advocates, since it shows that really bad things are likely to happen once debt-to-GDP goes over 90%.
Well, it turns out that there are serious problems with the paper, including basic errors in the Excel spreadsheet that Reinhart and Rogoff used for their calculations. The problems were discovered mainly by Thomas Herndon, a graduate student at the University of Massachusetts, who was trying to replicate the Reinhart-Rogoff results. Recent austerity measures all across Europe may have been based at least partly on flawed research!
Some related links:
Critique of Reinhart-Rogoff by Herndon, Ash and Pollin: http://www.peri.umass.edu/236/hash/31e2ff374b6377b2ddec04deaa6388b1/publication/566/
A summary by Mike Konczal: http://www.nextnewdeal.net/rortybomb/researchers-finally-replicated-reinhart-rogoff-and-there-are-serious-problems
Response from Reinhart and Rogoff claiming that their conclusion still holds: http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2013/04/16/reinhart-rogoff-response-to-critique/
A response to the response from James Kwak: http://baselinescenario.com/2013/04/18/are-reinhart-and-rogoff-right-anyway/
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I had assumed that one reason Buffett had to keep a lot of cash this year was to exercise those warrants, costing him about 10 billions$, but it seems he is still looking for other opportunities to use this cash. Am I wrong?
I too thought that Buffett would use 8 billion to exercise the GS and GE warrants, but it doesn't look like he is very keen to do that. Might be a good question to ask at the annual: why did Berkshire settle for small positions in both GS and GE? I can see why GS and GE might want to avoid issuing shares; they probably have no great need for more cash right now.
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The GE warrants have also been amended similarly. From GE's 10K: "The terms of the warrants were amended in January 2013 to allow for net share settlement where the total number of issued shares is based on the amount by which the average market price of GE common stock over the 20 trading days preceding the date of exercise exceeds the exercise price of $22.25."
Berkshire will end up with an insignificant stake in GE at current prices.
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paying in shares instead of cash...if buffett agreed he must think GS is still undervalued?
I don't think this amendment says much about Buffett's opinion on whether GS is undervalued or not. According to the original terms Berkshire would pay 5 billion and get 43 million shares of GS in return. According to the amended terms, Berkshire pays nothing and gets 9 million shares or so (depending on the GS share price in October). I think the article Jay quoted is wrong when it suggests that GS will now be paying in stock rather than in cash; there was never going to be any cash payment from GS, as I understand the warrant terms.
If anything, this indicates to me that Buffett would rather own a modest position in GS than a big one. Not so bullish for GS stock, perhaps. But as a GS shareholder, I am happy that the dilution will probably be less than I anticipated (assuming GS is still trading under IV in October).
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Minimum Tier 1 common ratios according to the 2012 and 2013 stress tests.
2012 2013
BofA 5.7% 6.8%
Citi 5.9% 8.3%
JPM 6.3% 6.3%
Goldman 5.8% 5.8%
MS 5.4% 5.7%
Wells 6.6% 7.0%
Big improvements for BofA and Citi. These two should be returning large amounts of capital soon, perhaps starting in 2014.
JPM and Goldman have identical numbers in 2012 and 2013. But both were allowed to return a lot of capital last year, and presumably a similar capital return will be permitted this year as well.
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Thank you Parsad, for creating this amazing community of value investors. This is by far the best board I have been a part of. Oh yes, it's helped make me some money as well. :)
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Here's the press release from Cigna: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130204006406/en/Cigna-Announces-Transaction-Exit-Run-off-Operations
My reading of the press release is that Berkshire gets 1.8 billion in investments and some cash in return for assuming up to 4 billion in liabilities. 4 billion is the cap; actual liabilities could turn out to be less. I couldn't quite figure out exactly how much cash Berkshire is getting. Perhaps as much as 500 million?
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JP Morgan's guide to the markets as of Dec 31, 2012: https://www.jpmorganfunds.com/cm/BlobServer/jp-littlebook.pdf?blobcol=urldata&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobkey=id&blobwhere=1321497800924&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition&ssbinary=true&blobheadervalue1=attachment;filename=jp-littlebook.pdf
I hope the gigantic URL works. There is a lot of good stuff in this guide.
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In fact, the GE warrants are priced at $22.25, so they show nearly $1 billion in profit from the $3 billion loan. Very nice return indeed given the 10% interest. Assuming GE's pricing holds up, it will be interesting to see if BRK buys and holds the stock (perhaps hoping for dividend growth) or sells the options. GS options have hovered around par. That will be interesting to watch over the next 10 months or so.
What exactly do you mean by "nearly $1 billion in profit from the $3 billion loan"? GE stock is trading at $21.20 or so, which is well under the strike price of the warrants.
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I think WFC is selling at a lower multiple of normalized earnings than is USB (<10 times earnings for WFC, 11-12 times earnings for USB). Not that twelve times earnings is expensive for a good company, but USB will probably have to grow revenues in the high single digits to provide the same return as WFC. They can probably generate this kind of revenue growth, but why not take the safer bet with WFC? At identical valuations I may go with USB, but not when WFC is 15% to 20% cheaper as is currently the case.
I used to own both, but sold USB once it got over $30 to buy BAC. I still hold a good amount of WFC. Notice that Buffett has been consistently buying more WFC, but his USB position has been stable for a while and may even have gone down some in the last quarter.
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I don't know, he hasn't been proven wrong yet: he said it would start early 2012 or if not by mid-2012.
You are giving ECRI a lot of leeway here. It was March 2008 when ECRI made the call on the recession that started in Dec 2007. So in that case they were four months late and still generally get full credit for calling the recession. Now it looks like they are at least nine months early (assuming a recession started in mid-2012) and apparently deserve full marks nonetheless.
In the Sep 2011 call, ECRI said that "the U.S. economy is indeed tipping into a new recession". It must be a hell of a slow tip if it takes nine months or more for the recession to begin after that. They also said this: "It means that the jobless rate, already above 9%, will go much higher". We'll see.
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I don't know why I don't have any warrants on any banks. I think almost every bank is cheap
Do the JPM ones have dividend/share repurchase clauses?
The JPM warrants have similar provisions as the treasury warrants for BAC, WFC etc. There is some protection against share issuance, but I don't remember the details. The strike price gets adjusted for dividends in excess of $1.52 per year.
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JPM has benefited tremendously from the financial crisis....not only has their domestic share gone up but so has their investment banking/trading share ...i really should have loaded up at tangible book but I'm adding slowly from levels here.....WFS is good too but its trading at a 30% premium....
Well, the stock is still selling at less than 10% over tangible book. Also, take a look at the JPM treasury warrants. I own slightly more in warrants than in stock (dollar amounts). The warrants expire in October 2018, have a strike price of $42.42 and are currently trading at $10.94. If you believe that the stock is trading well below intrinsic value, then the warrants are a better deal than the stock, I think.
I own WFC too, but it has been expensive compared to the other big banks for a while now.
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Dimon has said repeatedly that he is not interested in the Treasury Secretary job, so I don't think there is much chance of this happening. As a JPM shareholder, I too hope that he stays on as CEO for a long time. I probably will keep my shares even if he leaves though.
Buffett Says ‘No-Brainer’ to Get Mortgage to Short Rates
in Berkshire Hathaway
Posted
It seems to be a common assumption that increasing mortgage rates will lead to lower house prices, but recent history does not support this seemingly obvious conclusion. Take a look at the following article from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/billconerly/2012/12/18/when-mortgage-rates-rise-will-home-prices-fall/. About midway, there is a table that lists the six instances since 1976 when mortgage rates increased by one percent or more; in every case, house prices -- as measured by the FHFA index -- increased during the period of increasing rates. Maybe the next time will be different, but given the historical data, it won't be a surprise if house prices continue rising as mortgage rates increase.