Killer022

As mentioned in the analysis, main thing is about lack of data, because of recent listing. In next quarters it should become more transparent...

Hi, thank you for your questions. About the environment, already for a few years, the whole setup is driven in favour of promoting stock investing in general. Also listing main objective was in line with this setup. So this part is ok. Nationalization is not possible, i personally give it zero chance. There are plans to lower the ownership of state not contrary. Hungary is a normal EU country from “business friendly” perspective, nothing special. Very similar to countries like Czech, Poland, Slovakia, Croatia etc. Shareholder friendly question is a different story. It is quite stealth market, buybacks not very common, low liquidity etc. If it would be different, it would not be so extremely cheap. I believe that capital allocation can be change throught some activity in management...

Yes, pretty stealth, but it will change hopefully. Of course, there are some political risks, however, not so significant as foreigners could think...

I reposted it to Investment Ideas, so there are two threads now. If possible, i would like to ask admin to join them together, so these replies would not be lost...

Budapest Stock Exchange (Budapesti Értéktozsde) BET:BUX Idea: Probably cheapest monopoly stock exchange business in the world Market cap: 36,4 million EUR (13.800 mFT) P/B = 0,77 P/E = 2,94 Business: BET is a stock exchange of Hungary firstly established in 1864 during Habsburg monarchy and last time re-established in 1990 after fall of communism in eastern Europe. Even if often mentioned, because of its autocratic government of Viktor Orban, Hungary is a modern country in Eastern Europe, member of EU, NATO and schengen area. Exchange was not listed since its re-estalishment in 1990 until now. In June 2023 shares of BET were firstly listed on its own exchange (they lost around 20% since then). They are thinly traded, but quite liquid (few thousand shares daily), available throught Interactive Brokers (which founder and CEO is originally from Hungary accidentally). Stock exchanges are a solid businesses. On the one hand, heavily regulated by state, on the other hand in most cases they enjoy local monopolies. They are capital light, low or no debt, high margin businesses. Historically very stable businesses now getting a new (hopefully long-term) tailwind in form of higher interest rates. Let´s do some valuation. Valuation: There are 5,413,481 shares listed with actual market value of 2550 Forint, which makes up a market value of 13,804 mil.forint , estimately 36,4 million EUR. 81,35 % of shares are owned by National Bank, which publicly announced it has an interest to lower its ownership below 50% in near term, which could raise liquidity of trading and also credibility (more space for activism ). The rest of shareholders list: KBC Securities 5,2% Concorde Értékpapír Zrt. 4,1% OTP Bank Nyrt. 2,8% Erste Bank Hungary Zrt. 2,3% Mol Nyrt. 2,2% Other 2,0% Practically, as outside shareholders we have to fit in these last 2%, till National Bank will sell part of its shares. The point of valuation is 46,67% ownership in Keler Group (rest is owned by National Bank), which consist of Keler and Keler CCP. They are doing clearing, settlement and depository services, and are the most valuable and profitable component of BET. I put together a table below. I used a public websites of BET, Keller and Keller CCP. You can find there surprisingly a lot of information in English. Only last half year report of 2023 was published in hungarian language. As you can see, there is needed some more digging to find out the true values. Main problem is double reporting under Hungarian laws and IFRS. This make a lot of noise there. I am not an accounting expert, so i used my common sense and derived Keler subsidiaries values directly from Keller reports. 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 TTM 6/22-6/23 Accounting Book value 13912 14183 15085 16459 15730 17828 Cash of BET 1370 2713 2450 3467 3954 4070 Share of equity of Keler Group 16424 15245 15989 16841 20675 BET revenue 2555 2765 2923 3056 3665 3687 Share of Keler income (A) 685 481 497 747 794 3764 Share of Keler CCP income (B) 81 205 245 189 1650 Net income without Keler (C) -45 -441 115 477 1292 920 Total income(A+B+C) 721 245 857 1413 3736 4684 Accounting income 701 271 852 1377 -226 4128 · All numbers in million forint Income valuation: BET own business without Keler is not so profitable, however significantly improving since 2018. 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 TTM 6/22-6/23 BET revenue 2555 2765 2923 3056 3665 3687 Net income without Keler (C) -45 -441 115 477 1292 920 · All numbers in million forint If there would not be any Keler at all, at actual market cap, BET would trade at 15 P/E or 10 P/E ex cash. As seen, the exchange business is gradually getting better. There are many initiatives to make trading and listing more popular in Hungary. There are programs for funding smaller companies before moving to main exchange. The point is to diversify composition of securities traded on exchange (nowadays almost all the trading is done in 3 blue chip stocks). Now it gets interesting. BET owns 46,67% of Keler and Keler CCP (Keler owns almost 100% of Keler CCP) Keler is a profitable business, and especially now with strong macro tailwind (raising interest rates) and raising trade in energy markets it earn more profits as BET itself. Especially Keler CCP is gaining momentum in 2022 onward. From the cashflow point of view, profits from Keler are most often moved to retained earning which is decided on annual meetings. Last year when dividend was paid was 2019. Hopefully, it will change in the future if National bank decrease its stake. 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 TTM 6/22-6/23 Share of Keler income (A) 685 481 497 747 794 3764 Share of Keler CCP income (B) 81 205 245 189 1650 · All numbers in million forint Total income: I calculated total income individually using BET, Keler and Keler CCP disclosures. The point is, that BET financials itself tell another story mainly because of impairments of Keler group (see year 2022). You can see how unbelievably cheap it is trading now: P/E = 3,69 (2022 income) P/E = 2,94 (TTM income 6/2022 – 6/2023) Forward P/E for 2023 = 2,76 (i estimate total income of 5000 mFT in fiscal year 2023) *in case of ex-cash calculations, TTM P/E ratio would touch number 2 Asset valuation: As you can see, in financial reports actual book value stands at 17828 mFT (06/2023). 46,67% of Equity in Keler and Keler CCP upon its reports is together 20675 mFT (12/2022). This is sum of values from Keller reports. There are no half-year reports at Keler, so we have to wait until new annual report to calculate fresh valuation of the stake. There is development of the stake in time. 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Share of equity of Keler Group 16424 15245 15989 16841 20675 · All numbers in million forint BET holds cash of 4070 mFT. Cash + Stake in Keler = 24745 mFT Market Cap = 13840 mFT Do some simple SOTP math: Exchange business (valued at 10 times earnings) = 10 000 mFT + Cash = 4070 mFT + Keler Group = 20675 mFT = 34745 mFT Actual market cap is 13800 mFT There i should also mention an equity valuation of Keler group which by reports stands at 20675 mFT. However at TTM income of 3764 mFT it should be more real to value it at something between 30000 – 45000 mFT, but this is another story. I will not include this in my basic valuation. Final valuation: SOTP = 34745 mFT = 2,51 x market cap = 0,39 P/B Accounting P/B = 0,77 P/E = 3,69 (2022 income) P/E = 2,94 (TTM income 6/2022 – 6/2023) Dividend: There is no general dividend policy. Before listing it was always decided on general meetings. Last dividend before listing (after accounting loss of -226 mFT) was 102 forint per share (4% yield at today price). There is still 15240 mFT retained earnings available for dividends on the book, which actually exceeds today market cap. Upon this year income estimation i quess next year dividend could be around 200 forint per share (8% dividend yield). Final words: As you can see, BET is extraordinarily undervalued. Two cheapest publicly traded stock exchanges i am aware of are Warsaw stock exchange (GPW) and Johanessburg stock exchange (JSE) , both trading at around P/E of 10. My best explanation of such undervaluation is recent listing which happened quite silently, combined with lack of financial data by mainstream financial data providers + brokers (company is not screenable now). I think this could could change in next year when data will start appear in databases or some activist investors will start to build up a stake. Sale of National Bank shares could also be a catalyst event. Until then, we can enjoy at least some dividends Head i win, tail i not lose too much: Even in case of worst case scenario (economy downturn, low interest rates again, war) i do not see a possibility of even lower valuation (it is trading around P/E14 ex cash of 2018 income). In case of any other outcome (long term high interest rates, economy recovery) it is a clear multi-bagger. I welcome any comments from you or contribution on further deeper analysis. In case of need for help, do not hesitate to get in touch with me. I can speak hungarian, so maybe i can help with some translations. Disclosure: I own shares in BET on long side. This is not an investment advice, do your own research before investing.

Great! Many Thanks!

Hi, can someone help me with the invitation code. I would like to sign up. Thanks...

GPOR Some insights ? ;)