Big picture, I think, is negative rates causing banks with thin Tier 1 capital layer to lose money, thereby triggering further regulatory capital requirements.
At the same time, from 2014 onwards, they almost all have begun financing their T1 capital requirements with CoCo bond issues. Those bonds are a fucking nightmare. They are accepted as T1 capital because when there is too little T1 capital ("trigger event") the bonds are either written off completely or automatically converted into common shares (this depends on the features of the single issue; most are converted).
The thing is, the ones that will be converted give bond holders a huge incentive to short the respective stock. This is a known problem called "the death spiral" (see reverse convertibles in the 1990s). But even the CoCos that are not converted are in danger of being written-off completely when it becomes more clear that the trigger event will actually happen.
This is all happening right now. Yields on CoCos just exploded. Consequently, for the next few years there is no chance in hell that banks will be able to sell additional CoCos to prop-up their Tier 1 capital. The only option remaining is therefore the issuance of new equity. Well, good luck with that!
It wouldn't be that bad were it not for the fact that capital markets are closing for those banks exactly at the moment when they need them the most (which was completely foreseeable at the point when the CoCos where "invented", s. this FT article from 2009 (!) where one guy therefore calls them "equity time bombs").
Add to this that market participants know that tangible book values of the European banks are phony. The balance sheets are loaded with bad assets that have never been written off during the "last" financial crisis. Nearly all the Europen banks need to be recapitalized and you can kick the can down the road only for so long. Then, have a look at DBs derivative book (mostly obscure OTC derivatives) which is the largest or second largest in the world with a nominal amount close to world GDP. They say it's mostly "netted-off" but this is only true as long as no counterparty's failing.
Take all this together and you may see why I don't want to own any of the European banks.
I'm worried that, in the event of a systemic crisis, European banks are too big to be rescued by their own countries since their books are several times GDP in a lot of cases. This is completely different from the US financial crisis and I think it's the reason why they haven't been recapitalized so far. It is very comparable to Japan from the 1990s onwards, though.
Hi ni-co,
why do negative rates cause banks with thin tier 1 capital to lose money? do you expect this to continue or can those banks adjust their cost base?
Since the world has our play book on how to handle systemic banking crisis, they can just follow it, even prevent it from happening (they can prevent a lehman brother failure). Their sovereign debts are in such high demand that they can easily recap their banks, wipe out shareholders, wipe out junior bond holders, temporarily guarantee everything, new bond issuance, etc. They can also temporarily ban short selling on financial stocks (we did this).