SharperDingaan

Everytime one buys a bond fund, one does exactly this. Does one realize that at the time? ..... probably not. SD

In your 30s/40s you buy sovereign zero-coupons at cents in the dollar. I have friends who collectively bought Greek 25yr zero-coupons during the 2011 crisis at yields in the teens, and resold at yields in the high single digits. 7-10x gain in maybe 6 months. Sadly, at the time, we didn't have the means to take them up on their invitation. If you know your stuff, there is way more money to be made in bonds. Bentley's vs Porsche's exist for a reason. SD

Inflation is a bet on market rates going higher/lower. Buy a bond and the change is duration x face value x bp change in market rate. Buy an equity and the change is duration x price paid/share x bp change in market rate. The mystery is the duration of the equity in question … theoretically, the estimated time (years) to recover the purchase cost via reinvestment of dividends and expected buybacks. Duration on a start-up? Expected time to bankruptcy. Duration on a consumer goods company? Purchase price/dividends. Duration on a smaller o/g (commodities) company? Purchase price / (dividends + buybacks). So what? …. The higher and more frequent the total dividends (annual + special), and the more spent on buybacks; the shorter the duration, and the less adverse effect to rising real market interest rates. So what? … where are real market interest rates currently at, versus times past? If you paid a lot and rely on good management to produce consistent rising EPS, to fund ongoing dividends (widows & orphans’ stocks), your duration is high; and rising real rates hurt you. If you paid little (re: high volatility) and rely on changing commodity prices to produce both special dividends and buybacks; in a rising commodity cycle, duration rapidly shortens, and rising real rates have much less impact. Your unexpected cashflow also allows you to exploit the opportunity. At roughly a 4%+ coupon, it makes a lot more sense for gran/grandpa to simply hold zero-risk treasuries versus blue-chips. Gran/grandpa have enough reliable cashflow to eat, and our unlikely to outlive their stash. Money moves to treasuries, account AUM rapidly declines, and a great many salespeople become poor as trailer fees disappear; there is a reason why the industry does not want higher market rates of interest, and commodity stocks are despised. Happy hunting! SD

You might want to keep in mind that Canadian CPI is highly likely to drop like a brick when the March numbers are reported; simply because a full 100 bp of change rolls off (2022: 03 vs 02) this month, and the new roll on is likely to be to be negative as well. US numbers will not be that different ..... What do you think happens when the press starts reporting a dramatic fall in the inflation rate https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/price-indexes/cpi/ May we all do well. SD

Tombstone post: Gear Energy closed at 1.15, April 06. SD

Always nice to see a big cut, but keep in mind; 500,000 bpd is from Russia, unable to make deliveries under the USD 60 price cap. Of course the oil is still flowing, but it is going through China/India/Iran instead. https://www.rferl.org/a/novak-russia-extend-oil-production-end-year/32346054.html OPEC+ (rest of OPEC+ ?) underproduced by 70,000 bpd in March; implying that current production is not sustainable in the present climate. https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/OPECs-Oil-Production-Drops-In-March.html Should Russian supply now experience a 500,000 bpd 'accident', Saudi has the spare 500,000 bpd capacity to cover the shortfall, and mitigate the price spike. SD

Lot of treasurers have begun to notice that BTC is a good diversifier of longer dated T-Bills. Premium on a short BTC call/BTC market value at the time the call is sold, vs YTM on a T-Bill at the same maturity date. Potential ALM loss on the T-Bill portfolio under forced redemption, vs potential unrealized MTM loss on BTC, less any realized gains on assignments. Alpha = assignment BTC gains > cost of BTC puts limiting the maximum loss to the potential ALM loss on the T-Bill portfolio under forced redemption. Lots of room for an enterprising lad BTC low correlation coefficient vs T-Bills is bonus ..... SD

The reality is that if you are going to concentrate; you have to have the risk tolerance, temperament, runway, technical expertise, inside knowledge, circle of competence, etc. to back it. If you are just going to be a tourist, with little more than a wad of money, it is very likely not going to go well. Instantly eliminates 80%+ of people. Always the business approach; execution up to you. Own a business and your (hopefully) annual profit is your return, it is a lot of constant work, and maybe you exit at 1-2x 3-yr average EBITDA - if you can find a buyer willing to pay up. Own stock, and exit is just a button push. The business approach is refreshing, but to really make it work you need partners over which to split the risk/workload; more marriages! A great business is just one with a strong franchise; if it has strong management it does very well, if it has sh1te it still makes a profit. To avoid unduly relying on management, pick commodities franchises; quarterly earnings primarily the result of underlying commodity prices, not management (baring black swan actions). If your investment objective is simply inflation plus 1-3%; for most people, simple indexing will be more than adequate. But if your objective is something better, you need to change your approach. The good news is that there are many approaches, as posters on COBF prove every day. Good luck. SD

Concentration doesn't just increase gain, it increases loss as well. Most cannot deal with it. Buying 2 $10 shares, then selling 1 at a double ($20) is about controlling loss. If the 1 share stub suddenly drops to $0 the day after your sale, you still have your original $20 investment. Of course the reality is that you would sell well before then; if that 1 share was ultimately sold at $12 (40% less than the earlier $20 sale) - you would still be up 60% on your original $20 investment. Shoveling money into treasuries is about building liquidity, against the day you fail. The $20 proceeds on your first 1 share sale going to treasuries, the proceeds on your second 1 share sale funding your next investment. Sell > $20 and it is all sweetness and light, sell >10 and <20, and you need to borrow against the treasury to maintain your next investment at $20. If the shares drop to $5 the day after you buy them (ie: you failed); the treasuries keep you alive until you can eventually sell without incurring a loss. Could be weeks, or even years. The bigger the treasury stack, the more 'staying power', and the more opportunity. The now $5 share has a cost base of $10/share. However if you could double your position, the cost base would fall to $7.50 and you would be able to both get your money back earlier, and retain a bigger stub to compensate for the higher risk that you took on. The other very real benefit of a treasury stack ... Control the money, don't be a slave to it. Continually do well and the treasury stack will grow, but after a while it will become too large for purpose, and cash will need to be continually withdrawn. Do something positive and life changing with it, either for you or for somebody else; sadly .... a great many just snort it, destroy their families, and would have been much better off had they simply remained poor. SD

Per OPEC+ production reports, Russian production is falling; highly unlikely to be voluntary given the Russian need to pay for the war effort. Various reports suggest that China will be consuming a lot more than it was pre-pandemic. Ordinarily this would not be an issue except that India is also sucking from Russian production, and Iran doesn't have the capacity to compensate for BOTH the Indian and Chinese surplus demand. Add to it that most OPEC+ members are also missing their production quotas ...... and we have a bastard of a grey swan developing. The trading view is short-term, the SPR re-fill long-term. The smart thing is to keep that demand in reserve, and use it to refill from primarily friendly sources as/when the need arises. Not a bad thing. SD

You were actually told something quite different ... There isn't going to be a bid because over the balance of 2023, WTI prices are not expected to fall below what they sold the SPR at; if they made any kind of bid they would just push prices higher. Most would surmise that Chinas post-covid incremental energy demand is expected to exceed what the sanctioned market can supply, and that the surplus demand is expected to push western prices higher. All good. SD

We learnt long ago that to get wealthy you need to concentrate - to stay wealthy you need diversification. Diversification by itself, is a good thing; but once you go over 10-12 assets - it becomes more about limiting loss than making money (ie: staying wealthy). We benchmark against a double every 6 years (12% CAGR in technical terms), but to do it we must both concentrate and use active management; within a limited term engagement. Not for most people. Anyone who has owned/run a business, implicity understands that time is one of the diversifying assets, as is liquidity; boredom is the enemy. You cannot grow wealth if you cannot scrape together the wealth to buy good businesses in distress, as/when they become available. Storms eventually pass over, the sun shines again, and you get richer still. However, when you start doing stupid things simply because you're bored/tired - you need to walk away. There are people what 'do' and people what 'don't'; you need to know which of these people you are. Most people would be better served if they 'never' invested. House paid off and a series of government bonds to pay the upkeep as the structure deteriorates over time. For kicks, invest in lottery tickets every week, spend time with the kids, and spend on toys/exotic vacations. No need to ever touch a stock or index fund. COBF is a great forum, but keep in mind that there is a great deal of survival bias. For every few posters who routinely do well, there are seas of people who routinely do badly; we just don't see them 'cause they don't post on the COBF board. Also keep in mind that if you have to play against Gretzky every week, you're also going to become a much better player, and have higher average returns. All good. SD

Keep in mind there will be no realized MTM losses if they stay alive, and unrealized MTM losses will be a lot lower six-months past the current market disruption. There is a need to demonstrate the resilience of US regional/money-centre banking structure, and a public non-CB solution (albeit with a little help). The reality is that 2-weeks ago the US Federal Reserve system thought the US banking structure optimal, and has maintained it for years. Collapse FRC and you also collapse the viability of US regional banking .. not in the Federal Reserve System interest. A similar version of the dynamic is in force with the Swiss National Bank and CS. When everyone needs a face saving way out .... SD

WEB just does a version of the GS thing. A very large convertible (>20% interest on a FD basis), that includes a (fed guaranteed) buyback/interest over X years. As/when the bank progressively buys back at the convertible value, the BRK FD interest declines; otherwise in year X the fed takes out at least enough to keep them below the limit. If the other players also have the deal .... and a portion of their deposits rolls into the convertible ... it's a 'rescue' that comes from 'outside' the system .... Biden can keep his promises .... and FRC instantly becomes one of the strongest banks in the land. We also get a nice bump in the price of CS next week Fingers crossed. SD

We all might want to draw a few lessons learned from BTC over the last two weeks. BTC is currently USD 27,560; UP, and by quite a bit .... BTC is now a proven alternative to both traditional finance, and much of crypto in its current form. Yes, naked BTC is volatile, but the volatility is also entirely curable if you choose to use CME options/futures &/or a ETF. The added plus is BTC anonymity/privacy countering the zero-privacy of CBDC; the cost of privacy is the satoshi used to pay the miner to hash two blocks. However, the real lesson is that BTC is a direct competitor to ALL sovereign treasuries, AND that it pays better. BTC yield to maturity as option premium divided by the strike price, it can be bought/sold in all the major currencies, and is entirely immune to national capital controls (ie: portable). Largely orthogonal to the macro events driving treasury prices, and term to maturity decided by the expiry month of the option. That orthogonal relationship diversifies a treasury holding, and BTC is continually proving its value in weekly live stress tests. It is now becoming hard to make the case for NOT including BTC as part of the treasuries weighting in an institutional portfolio. And as that weight shifts ... so will the price of BTC. All good! SD

Gear Energy was selling at < 0.95 today, in quantity, has very little debt, and pays a .12 dividend (12.7% yield). If you believe that WTI averages around USD 85 this year, and that the risk adjusted yield should be around 7.5%, you will be reselling at around 1.60 (or better) - or a 68% return, before dividends. It was a lovely day for shopping SD

Sadly, no crypto implosion ..... https://www.wsj.com/articles/federal-reserve-rolls-out-emergency-measures-to-prevent-banking-crisis-ba4d7f98 “After receiving a recommendation from the boards of the FDIC and the Federal Reserve, and consulting with the president, Secretary Yellen approved actions enabling the FDIC to complete its resolution of Silicon Valley Bank, Santa Clara, Calif., in a manner that fully protects all depositors,” they said. “Depositors will have access to all of their money starting Monday, March 13. No losses associated with the resolution of Silicon Valley Bank will be borne by the taxpayer.” SD

This is 2023, not 1993; the banking thing is just getting started. This is the age of social media, crypto, 'bots and viral growth/decay. Volatility is materially higher as impacts that used to take days to spread, now take hours. Crypto is full of black swans, the ecosystem is really a global network 'too big to fail', and any one of these swans is severely disruptive. Regulation is reactive, messy, and not getting any better. There's no need to rush. Example: There are some who believe that simply because they asked SVB (on Friday) to wire their money elsewhere, the wire will be honoured. There are others who recognize that if the money hadn't left SVB during the day on Friday, you're now just an unsecured creditor (above the 250K deposit insurance limit). A crypto stable coin had USD 3.3 billion on deposit, it has had to significantly 'break the buck', and founders are desperately putting up their own capital - praying they can avoid a run. At least 2 other lessor but better known stable coin are in similar straits .... As the coins run off the collateral USD paper has to be sold. However with supply flooding the market across most terms, price has to immediately fall and yields immediately rise. If the yield curve is not to rise abruptly the fed has to step in as buyer of last resort - following which there will not be any future rate hikes for a while. The media screams panic, the financial sector cries 'uncle', but 2-3 months out? ... the broader economy actually does pretty well. A good 'blow-up', and there ain't going to be anywhere near as many obstacles to getting inflation down. SD

Stable coins are 'de-pegging' - ie: 'breaking the buck', in the Asset Backed Securities world. https://cryptonews.com/news/how-usdc-stablecoin-depegging-could-break-many-crypto-firms-but-bitcoin-will-stronger.htm Crypto is a very inter-connected industry; lots of loose cannon rolling around in the hold isn't good for anyone. Notable is that Tether (significant Chinese support) is trading above its peg at 1.01 following their unusual news release on friday https://tether.to/en/more-outdated-allegations-from-the-wsj It would appear that some decisions have been made ... SD

SVB blew up because a ALM mismatch, ran out of liquidity. Thousands of companies all across NA routinely do the same thing, and we gladly pay their treasurers and bond managers to do it - FFH amongst them. It can be extremely profitable and in a variety of ways, but ONLY if you NEVER run out of liquidity, IN AN ORDINARY market. A great many companies are highly dependent on an ordinary market remaining in place; one of the most dependent, being any company taking consumer paper. Consumer paper vs treasuries backs the liabilities, the market is a lot shallower than the treasury market, and the liquidation discount a lot higher. All else equal, the widespread securitization of consumer paper takes a dive as ABS sell for less. Tether mechanics have long been suspect, but so long as those treasuries were there at the custodian, and the custodian could verify it ...... everything was good. One has to think that folks are now looking very closely at how much liquidity Tether actually has, before they are forced to sell down those treasuries en mass. One also has to think that the US Fed would prefer Tether to fail, versus the consumer paper/ABS market. The good news? Nothing will reduce inflation faster than both a simultaneous chill on consumer paper, and a treasurers ability to mismatch ALM. Most would expect that we finally start to see a normal yield curve again. All good. SD

They do better as the product is sold in USD, and production costs are in CAD. It also stokes M&A as CAD companies become cheaper in USD terms. All good SD

Nothing changes for you until you get to the end of the mortgage 4 years from now, at which point you will be refinance the balance with a new mortgage at whatever the rate is at that time. If at that time, both the mortgage balance and remaining amortization term remained unchanged, your mortgage payment will be lower if interest rates fall. Now assume there are 1.2T of 5 yr (60 mo) mortgages outstanding, all at higher rates that in the market today. At an even distribution roughly 200M (1.2B/60) of these mortgages will reset every month, at a lower interest rate. If the o/s mortgage balance and remaining amortization period remained the same, there would be a lower payment every month for the next 60 months. The reality of course is that mortgage balances and amortization terms will be shorter, and some of the mortgages will reset at rates higher than they were previously. That has to be modelled. SD

'So you assertion about "instantly lower mortgage payment" is only valid if central bank lower rates and it applies to variable-rate mortgage.' Canadian mortgages are primarily priced off the 5-yr Canada bond rate, and 'reset' every 5 years or less; dependent upon the agreed term. The 5 yr fixed-rate mortgage just prices at a higher premium to the Canada bond than the 5 yr variable mortgage does. Alternatively, a HELOC will typically price at the T-Bill rate plus a spread, and reset every time there is a significant change in rate. Agreed all variable and HELOC payments instantly drop as the BoC lowers rates. However the payment on ALL MATURING, fixed rate mortgage amortizations ALSO instantly drops as the BoC lowers rates. 1/60 of all 5 year fixed rate mortgages, 1/48 of all 4 year, 1/36 of all 3 year, 1/24 of all 2 year, 1/12 of all 1 year. And that is just the amount THIS month ...... it ALSO repeats every month until the end of the mortgage term. A fixed rate mortgage may reset at a higher rate than it currently has, but it is still going to reset at a rate lower than it would have been at before the BoC reduced rates. The modeling needs to be more sophisticated, than simply using a duration x bp change x o/s principal. SD

The reality is that tech drives to full automation and uses price to get there, whereas people are social. Where I see automation, I deliberately use the cashier and deliberately pay using a credit card - to inflict as much cost as possible. Whereas in a small mom/pop with the kids behind the till, I will deliberately do the impulse buy and pay in cash wherever I can - to reduce cost as much as possible. Just one person doing this, is no big deal. But scale it up in the thousands, and it bites. The social over robotics. SD

Lot of grocers do local delivery for a $5-10 fee. Similar to instacart, but groceries at the store price, and delivered to your door at a pre-set time - even when it is in the middle of a snow/ice storm. Still seen as a 'convenience' by many, but the real market is the elderly/infirm aging in place at home. Lot different to the Uber Eats, or DoorDash model. Cashiers cost, and their real value is security. Live in a rich neighborhood and there are few cashiers, simply because customers don't steal enough! Customers simply check out their own stuff, and the cost of their theft/hour is less than the cost of a cashier per hour. Paying someone to just scan goods has zero value add. All that is really needed is a warehouse on cheap land, a good on-line portal, robotic loaders/sorters to unload/stack/load, a reliable fleet of electric delivery vans, a roof full of solar panels, and the odd windmills. Charge an average 20% less for everything, keep a small quantity of manual labor on hand for resilience, and ideally don't permit any customer pickups or in-store shopping as well. Combine bigger players together, save 35% and give back 20% in discounts. SD